What are the types of hypospadias and their best surgical treatment

best surgical treatment

Types of hypospadias and their best surgical treatment

The entrance of the urethra (the tube that takes urine) in a baby with hypospadias is in an abnormal location other than the tip of the penis. It could be on the scrotum, the sac that contains testicles, the penis’s head, or anywhere along the penis’s shaft. As a result, this abnormality can lead to issues with sexual function later in life. However, with the best surgical treatment, it can be corrected successfully.

What is hypospadias in baby boys?

Hypospadias is an abnormal formation of the penis’s exit hole for the urethra. The urethra is a tube that leads from the penis to the outside of the body. It carries out urine and sperm. Furthermore, it affects male infants and is caused by the incomplete development of the urethra in the penis. The inability to urinate or engage in sexual activity may be a symptom of this illness. However, the condition can be surgically corrected in infant boys as young as a few months of age.

In the first stages of a baby’s development, the urethra is entirely open. The baby’s neural tube eventually closes as it prepares for birth. The meatus is the entrance to the urethra, where both sperm and urine are expelled. Throughout development, the meatus moves to a different spot in a kid born with hypospadias. It’s not always at the penis’s tip but rather anywhere along the penis’s shaft or the scrotum.

Types of Hypospadias

Hypospadias surgery can rectify penis abnormalities. There are several types of hypospadias, such as;

1. Proximal hypospadias

The urethra of a boy with glanular hypospadias is present on the head of the penis rather than at its tip. However, it is the most common type and may not necessitate surgical correction. As neither the penis nor the urine stream is curved during an erection.

2. Subcoronal hypospadias

The urethra of a boy with subcoronal hypospadias opens just below the penis’s dorsal surface. When an erection is strong, the penis may curve ever-so-slightly.

3. Distal hypospadias

Distal hypospadias happens when the entrance of the urethra is present halfway between the head and the middle of the side of the penis. An erection can cause a slight curvature of the penis.

4. Midshaft hypospadias

The urethra of a baby with midshaft hypospadias opens midway down the penis.

4. Penoscrotal hypospadias

The opening in the penoscrotal hypospadias is where the shaft and scrotum join. A more severe curve of the penis happens in an erection in boys with this sickness.

5. Perineal hypospadias

Babies with perineal hypospadias have an abnormally split scrotum, with the urethral entrance present down the middle of the sac. Moreover, it is typically severe and rectified in patients with scrotal rigidity. The best surgical treatment repairs the scrotum to create a single scrotal sac and penile curvature.

How common is the condition of hypospadias?

A lot of males have hypospadias. About one in every 250 to 300 male infants is born with this condition. There appears to be an uptick, perhaps due to the widespread use of chemicals and pesticides in our societies. In addition, the exact origin of hypospadias is a mystery to medical science. It does appear to be genetic. However, the problem occurs throughout pregnancy. Congenital disabilities of the urethra typically appear between weeks 9 and 12. Around the eighth week of pregnancy, the penis starts to take shape.

Moreover, certain conditions in the mother can increase the chances that a baby will have hypospadias.

  • Highly obese.
  • The age of the mother is more than 35.
  • Get pregnant with the help of fertility drugs (possibly because of exposure to progesterone, a hormone used during fertilization).
  • Don’t use the body’s natural hormones before or throughout pregnancy.
  • Exposing to pesticides.
  • Habitual of smoking.

Symptoms of hypospadias

When a child has hypospadias, he may exhibit the following symptoms:

  • A sagging penis. The condition is chordee and has the best surgical treatment.
  • One of the testes does not fully descend into the scrotum, a condition known as an undescended testicle. It happens in roughly 10% of men.
  • The skin on the top of the penis is incompletely developed. If a baby has hypospadias, it shouldn’t be circumcised.
  • An abnormal condition where a baby cannot urinate in a steady stream.

How can you identify your baby with hypospadias?

Medical professionals can usually identify the disorder at the time of delivery. They thoroughly examine the newborns, and hypospadias is one of the conditions they check. Moreover, the issue stands out like a sore thumb: the penis hole is in the wrong spot. It’s common for the foreskin to be undeveloped, leaving the penile tip bare. The physician will recommend a pediatric surgeon for the best surgical treatment of hypospadias if they find it. He can fix the condition with a hypospadias procedure.

The best surgical treatment options for hypospadias

There is a surgical treatment for hypospadias. Children can now undergo corrective surgery at a younger age because of advancements in surgical techniques. The pediatric surgeon will discuss the time of your child’s operation. Between six and twelve months of age is the standard time for a pediatric surgeon to perform a procedure. Care for the surgical site is less challenging at that age. Your baby will be safer during the anesthetic procedure.

The goal of treating hypospadias is to restore regular composition by creating a straight penis with the urethra present at the penis tip. If a baby has hypospadias, it shouldn’t be circumcised. If necessary, the surgeon may harvest additional skin from the intact foreskin.

What are the main objectives of a pediatric surgeon during the best surgical treatment for hypospadias?

  • The primary roles of a pediatric surgeon during the procedure were to:
  • Improves posture by straightening the penis shaft.
  • Creates a new opening for the bladder to exit the body.
  • Brings the urethra close to the penis’s end.
  • Replaces the scrotum’s missing tissue.

Your infant will sleep under a general anesthetic during the procedure. They’ll be out cold and insensitive to any discomfort as they sleep. In rare cases, a child will require not one but two operations: one to correct the penis’s position and another to correct the urethra. The surgeon may split the operation into two stages, but usually, just one is necessary. In most cases, you’ll be able to bring your kid home the same day as the operation.

Medications to ease pain are available. Infants often require catheters, which are tiny tubes to drain urine. The average length of time a catheter remains in place ranges from a few days to two weeks. Your doctor will prescribe antibiotics to lower the probability of infection. The best surgical treatment of hypospadias and chordee hypospadias surgery has a high success rate. All repairs should last forever. A healthy penis performs its usual, beneficial role. Your child’s doctor will review the plan for any necessary follow-up visits.

How do I provide the best care for my newborn?

Toys that necessitate straddling should be avoided after hypospadias surgery until your child feels good. You can add more padding by using two diapers at once. You may rest assured that your infant will make a speedy and complete recovery. Some patients may notice a pink tint in their urine during the first few postoperative days. But, immediately contact a pediatric surgeon if you see:

  • The constant temperature of 102 degrees or greater for more than 24 hours.
  • The baby is having trouble or is unable to urinate.
  • Discoloration at the penile tip, usually blue or gray.
  • Despite taking painkillers, a baby is still uncomfortable.
  • Bleeding at the surgical site.

ALSA Pakistan offers affordable and the best surgical treatment

Babies born with hypospadias have the urethral hole present elsewhere than at the penile tip. If left untreated, hypospadias can disrupt a person’s genital and urinary functions. On the other hand, the best surgical treatment of hypospadias has a high success rate. The penis is surgically realigned, and the hole is positioned appropriately. Hypospadias repairs are permanent in the vast majority of cases.

ALSA Pakistan is without comparison to convenient, all-in-one care for infant boys with hypospadias or other urinary tract abnormalities. The typical hypospadias surgery cost in Pakistan is between 200,000 PKR and 300,000. The cost of the procedure reflects the fact that it will need specialists from multiple fields of medicine and cutting-edge technology to treat the patient. If your baby needs chordee surgery or penile torsion surgery, ALSA Pakistan can refer you to Dr. Mohsin, the best pediatric surgeon in the country.